Research+Guide+2

[] [] []
 * Welcome to Purdue OWL**
 * A PowerPoint presentation**
 * Conducting Research, Research Overview**

[]
 * Research: Where do I begin?**

[]


 * Using Research**
 * [|Writing with Statistics] This handout explains how to write with statistics including quick tips, writing descriptive statistics, writing inferential statistics, and using visuals with statistics.
 * [|Guidelines for Fair Use] This handout provides a few general guidelines about **fair use policies and copyright laws** but no concrete legal advice. Anyone dealing with a specific legal issue or dilemma should contact a lawyer. Anyone making decisions about using multimedia in a class project should first consult the usage policy of their school or institution. The US Copyright Act contains relevant but complex sections that can inform teachers and students making a decision.
 * [|Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing] This handout is intended to help you become more comfortable with the **__uses of__** and distinctions among **__quotations, paraphrases, and summaries__**. This handout compares and contrasts the three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that you can use to practice these skills.
 * [|Paraphrase Exercises] This resource discusses how to **__paraphrase__** correctly and accurately.
 * [|Documenting Electronic Sources] This handout contains links to sources which will help students, teachers, and anybody **doing research on the Internet to cite electronic sources** using different styles. We also have links to some of our OWL handouts about citing sources.
 * [|Avoiding Plagiarism] There are few intellectual offenses **more serious than plagiarism** in academic and professional contexts. This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work.

[]
 * Reference List: Books **
 * Basic Format for Books **

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Note: For "**Location,**" you should always list the city and the state using the two letter postal abbreviation without periods (New York, NY). Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

__ Edited Book __, No Author
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). //Consequences of growing up poor//. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

__ Edited Book __ with an Author or Authors
Plath, S. (2000). //The unabridged journals// K.V. Kukil, (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

Edition Other Than the First
Helfer, M. E., Kempe, R. S., & Drugman, R. D. (1997). //The battered child// (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Multivolume Work
Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols.1- 4). New York, NY: Scribner's.

Reference List: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)
 * []**
 * Article from an Online Periodical**

Online articles follow the same guidelines for printed articles. Include all information the online host makes available, including an issue number in parentheses. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online //Periodical, volume number//(issue number if available). Retrieved from []

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who //Make Websites,149//. Retrieved from []
 * Article from an Online Periodical**

Online scholarly journal articles require the URL of the journal home page. Remember that one goal of citations is to provide your readers with enough information to find the article; providing the journal home page aids readers in this process. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal,//volume number//. Retrieved from [] Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of //Buddhist Ethics, 8//. Retrieved from []


 * Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries**

Often encyclopedias and dictionaries do not provide bylines (authors' names). When no byline is present, move the entry name to the front of the citation. Provide publication dates if present or specify (n.d.) if no date is present in the entry. Feminism. (n.d.). In //Encyclopædia Britannica online//. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/724633/feminism


 * Data Sets**

Point readers to raw data by providing a Web address (use "Retrieved from") or a general place that houses data sets on the site (use "Available from"). United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2008). //Indiana income limits// [Data file]. Retrieved from []
 * Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides**

When citing online lecture notes, be sure to provide the file format in brackets after the lecture title (e.g. PowerPoint slides, Word document). Hallam, A. //Duality in consumer theory// [PDF document]. Retrieved from Lecture Notes site : [|http:// Online Web www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ501/Hallam/index.html] Roberts, K. F. (1998). //Federal regulations of chemicals in the environment// [PowerPointslides]. Retrieved from []


 * Non-periodical Web Document, Web Page, or Report**

List as much of the following information as possible (you sometimes have to hunt around to find the information; don't be lazy. If there is a page like http://www.somesite.com/somepage.htm, and somepage.htm doesn't have the information you're looking for, move up the URL to [] ) __Include the date you retrieved your information.__ Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). //Title of document//. Retrieved from http://Web address Angeli, E ., Wagner, J ., Lawrick, E ., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L ., & Brizee , A. (2010, May 5). //General format//. Retrieved from []


 * NOTE:** When an Internet document is more than one Web page, provide a URL that links to the home page or entry page for the document. Also, if there isn't a date available for the document use (n.d.) for no date.

E-mails are not included in the list of references, though you parenthetically cite them in your main text: (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
 * E-mail**

** Wikis **
Please note that the //APA Style Guide to Electronic References// warns writers that wikis (like Wikipedia, for example) are collaborative projects which cannot guarantee the verifiability or expertise of their entries. OLPC Peru/Arahuay. (n.d.). Retrieved from the OLPC Wiki: []

** Blog (Weblog) and Video Blog Post **
Include the title of the message and the URL. Please note that titles for items in online communities (e.g. blogs, newsgroups, forums) are not italicized. If the author’s name is not available, provide the screen name. J Dean. (2008, May 7). When the self emerges: Is that me in the mirror? [Web log comment]. Retrieved from [|http://www.spring.org.uk/the1sttransport . (2004], September 26). Psychology Video Blog #3 [Video file]. Retrieved from []

** Video Podcasts **
For all podcasts, provide as much information as possible; not all of the following information will be available. Possible addition identifiers may include Producer, Director, etc. Scott, D. (Producer). (2007, January 5). The community college classroom [Episode 7]. //Adventures in Education//. Podcast retrieved from []

Audio Podcast
For all podcasts, provide as much information as possible; not all of the following information will be available. Possible addition identifiers may include Producer, Director, etc. Bell, T. & Phillips, T. (2008, May 6). A solar flare. //Science @ NASA Podcast//. Podcast retrieved from []